Distribution patterns of the three study taxa, Rhinolophus rex rex (cyan dots), R. r. paradoxolophus (green dots), and R. schnitzleri (dark orange dot) (sensu Burgin et al. 2020). Distribution of karst (shaded) in the region was modified from Ford and Williams (2007). Red dots with letters R, P, and S refer to the type localities of the three taxa R. r. rex, R. r. paradoxolophus, and R. schnitzleri, respectively. The distribution range of three potential cryptic species within R. rex sensu lato namely, rex1, rex2, and rex3 (sensu Chornelia et al. 2022) are defined by dotted lines in dark organe, violet, and blue, respectively. Country codes include: C China, L Laos; and V Vietnam. Black symbols refer to literature records only of R. r. rex and R. r. paradoxolophus. Localities for specimens included in the genetic analyses are filled whereas those of individuals in morphological and/or acoustic analyses only are empty.