Sample sites for molecular analyses. Leptodactylus fuscus sensu stricto, Leptodactylus gualambensis, and Leptodactylus aff. fuscus correspond to mitochondrial clades (see Fig. 2). White star indicates Leptodactylus fuscus type locality; black star indicates Leptodactylus gualambensis type locality; black hexagon indicates Leptodactylus raniformis type locality. Relevant localities are indicated with the following abbreviations. Countries: AR (Argentina), BOL (Bolivia), BR (Brazil), COL (Colombia), FG (French Guiana), GU (Guyana), PAN (Panamá), PY (Paraguay), SU (Suriname), TOB (Tobago), TR (Trinidad), VE (Venezuela). Provinces of Argentina: CH (Chaco), COR (Corrientes), FO (Formosa), JU (Jujuy), MIS (Misiones), SA (Salta), SE (Santiago del Estero). Departments of Bolivia: BE (Beni), SC (Santa Cruz). States of Brazil: BA (Bahia), CE (Ceará), ES (Espírito Santo), GO (Goiás), MA (Maranhão), MT (Mato Grosso), MS (Mato Grosso do Sul), MG (Minas Gerais), PA (Pará), PR (Paraná), PE (Pernambuco), SP (São Paulo), TO (Tocantins), RR (Roraima). Departments of Paraguay: AP (Alto Paraguay), AM (Amambay), BO (Boquerón), CA (Caazapá), CEN (Central), CON (Concepción), MI (Misiones), ÑE (Ñeembucú), PAR (Paraguarí), PH (Presidente Hayes), SPD (San Pedro).