A redescription, a revalidation, and a new description within the microhylid genus Austrochaperina (Anura: Microhylidae)

The genus Austrochaperina Fry, 1912, currently includes 23 species of small and medium-sized frogs which occur primarily in New Guinea and its surrounding islands. Through studies of the frog fauna carried out in various years between 1998 and 2003 in the Wondiwoi Mountains at the base of the Wandammen Peninsula, located on the border between the Indonesian provinces of Papua and Papua Barat, the author noted three forms in the genus Austrochaperina. One of these has already been described as a new species, A. minutissima, by Günther (2009). The second is most likely A. macrorhyncha (Kampen, 1906), which was described from a single available specimen from the Vogelkop Peninsula. Data provided herein by the author makes it clear that the current definition of this species is not accurate and that a redescription of it is necessary. In connection with this is the revalidation of another species, A. punctata (Kampen, 1913), considered to be a synonym of A. macrorhyncha. The third form is considered to be new to science, and it is described as such in this paper. This species occurs at an elevation of from 400 – 650 m above sea level in and on leaf litter primarily near streams in primary rainforest. The adult is 25 – 30 mm long. It is differentiated from related species in several body proportions and by its characteristic advertisement calls, and from the sympatric but obviously not syntopic A. macrorhyncha in the base sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rDNA- and 16S rDNA-genes as well.


Introduction
ZweiFel (2000) splits the Australopapuan microhylid frog genus Sphenophryne sensu parKer (1934) into four genera, for all of which names were already available, namely Austrochaperina Fry, 1912 which includes 23 species at present; Liophryne BoulenGer, 1897 with 8 species at present; Oxydactyla Kampen, 1913 with four species; and Sphenophryne peters & Doria, 1878 with one species 1 .The most important morphological character to diagnose the genus Austrochaperina is deemed to be that species of this genus have bony clavicles that reach from the scapula almost to the midline of the pectoral girdle.Various authors (for example trueB, 1973 andZweiFel, 2000) consider the presence of bony clavicles in microhylid frogs to be a plesiomorphic trait.Köhler & Günther (2008) stated in their mitochondria based phylogeny of Papuan microhylids that "Austrochaperina forms a monophyletic group with Copiula major, C. pipiens, and C. obsti…" but did not draw taxonomic consequences from this statement.According to molecular studies by peloso et al. (2015), the three former Austrochaperina species -A.derongo ZweiFel, 2000, A. guttata ZweiFel, 2000, and A. rivularis ZweiFel, 2000 -with bony clavicles, should belong to the genus Copiula méhely, 1901, a genus that was characterized until then by the trait "absence of clavicles".Thus we are now confronted with the fact that the most important morphological character (presence or absence of bony clavicles) used to define the genera Austrochaperina and Copiula is no longer valid.More detailed studies are required either to redefine both genera or to synonymize them.In this case Copiula méhely, 1901 would have priority over Austrochaperina Fry, 1912.I refrain from this step here, awaiting phylogenetic analyses that comprise more material.
According to ZweiFel (2000), snout-vent lengths of the adults in the genus Austrochaperina range from 20 to 50 mm.Most species are surface dwellers on and below leaf litter, and some inhabit riparian habitats along small streams.The genus is distributed from sea level to elevations of approximately 2000 m above sea level (a.s.l.).Most species occur on the main island of New Guinea, some on adjacent islands, and four in northern Australia (Frost, 2017).
During field work in the Wondiwoi Mountains at the base of the Wandammen Peninsula, Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea, in various years between 1998 and 2003, together with indigenous helpers I found, among others, three species of Austrochaperina: one extremely small form which has already been described as Austrochaperina minutissima; a second form which obviously belongs to A. macrorhyncha and requires a redescription of that species and revalidation of another; and a third form which belongs to a new species that is described later in this paper.1 See Appendix.

Material and methods
Frogs of the redescribed and newly described species were collected by the author and his helpers at night after they were located by their advertisement calls or serendipitously during the day.Various specimens were photographed in life the next day, anaesthetised with chlorobutanol, and subsequently fixed in 2 % formalin.Tissue probes from thigh muscle were taken from some specimens and probes stored in 96 % ethanol to enable later DNA sequencing, after which the animals were fixed in formalin.All specimens were later transferred to 75 % ethanol in the Berlin Museum.One specimen of Austrochaperina macrorhyncha was cleared and stained as an osteological preparation according to a method modified from DinGerKus & uhler (1977).
The following measurements were taken with a digital calliper (> 10 mm) or with a binocular dissecting microscope fitted with an ocular micrometer (< 10 mm) to the nearest 0.1 mm from preserved specimens only: SUL snout-urostyle length from tip of snout to distal tip of urostyle bone (SUL and SVL are more or less identical, but according to my experience the measurement error is higher in the latter and therefore I prefer to use the former); TL tibia length: external distance between knee and ankle; TaL length of tarsus: external distance, tarsal and ankle joints held at right angles; T4L distance from tip of 4 th toe to proximal end of inner metatarsal tubercle; T4D transverse diameter of disc of 4 th toe; T1D transverse diameter of disc of 1 st toe; F3L length of 3 rd finger from tip of this finger to proximal edge of inner metacarpal elevation; F3D transverse diameter of disc of 3 rd finger; F1D transverse diameter of disc of 1 st finger; HL head length, from tip of snout to posterior margin of tympanum; HW head width, taken in the region of the tympana; SL snout length, from an imaginary line connecting the centres of the eyes to tip of the snout; END distance from anterior corner of orbital opening to centre of naris; IND internarial distance between centres of nares; EST distance from anterior corner of orbital opening to tip of snout; ED eye diameter, from anterior to posterior corner of orbital opening; TyD horizontal diameter of tympanum.
Advertisement calls were recorded under natural conditions with a Sony Digital Audio Tape (DAT) Walkman TCD-D 100 and a Sennheiser microphone MKE 300 and analysed with Avisoft-SAS Lab Pro software.All specimens of the redescribed and the newly described species are currently housed in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) and bear registration numbers of this in-stitution.Part of the type series will be transferred to the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia, after completion of my studies.

Material compared
Austrochaperina alexanderi Günther, richarDs & Dahl, 2014: type series, Muller Range, PNG; A. archboldi ZweiFel, 2000: AMNH 66719 (holotype), 66720, 66722 -25 (paratypes), Eastern Highland Province of PNG; A. basipalmata (Kampen, 1906) Comparisons herein of the redescribed, the revalidated, and the newly described species with congeners, are based on the above material, on additional material in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB), and on data published in the respective original descriptions and in comparative studies (Kampen 1923, nieDen 1926, parKer 1934, loveriDGe 1948, ZweiFel 2000, and menZies 2006).Redescription of Austrochaperina macrorhyncha (Kampen, 1906) Introductory remarks In the profound revision of the Australopapuan genus Sphenophryne, ZweiFel (2000) resurrected the genus Austrochaperina to accommodate a large part of the hitherto Sphenophryne species.He treated Austrochaperina macrorhyncha and A. basipalmata as valid species, and Chaperina alias Sphenophryne punctata as a synonym of A. macrorhyncha.In the redefinition of the latter he used, besides the holotype of Chaperina macrorhyncha, mostly type material of Chaperina punctata.A decisive point used to treat macrorhyncha and punctata as conspecific was to regard the small-sized (22 mm SVL) holotype of A. macrorhyncha as a juvenile specimen of the largersized punctata species (adults more than 30 mm SVL).But, due to the poor preservation status of this holotype, neither he nor others could confirm or refute this assumption.

Abbreviations
During field work in the Wondiwoi Mountains (near the base of the Wandammen Peninsula) between 1998 and 2003 I and indigenous helpers collected a total of    9 adult specimens of the genus Austrochaperina at 700 -950 m a.s.l.which, according to their morphology and their advertisement calls, belong to one and the same species.I decided to refer them to A. macrorhyn cha mainly because of their size (22.8 -24.9 mm SUL) and their body ratios that better agree with that of the holotype than those of A. punctata, and their capture locality that is much closer (a distance of about 130 km) to the type locality than are localities for A. punctata.Moreover, we did not find any other Austrochaperina in the Wondiwoi Mountains larger than 28 mm SUL.From this it follows that the definition of A. macrorhyncha by ZweiFel (2000) seems to be incorrect and that the species once more has to be redescribed.
Type locality.Manikion region at the southeastern corner of the Vogelkop Peninsula, today Papua Barat Province of Indonesia.
Diagnosis.With a snout-urostyle-length of 22.0 mm in the holotype of unknown sex, 22.8 -23.8 mm in seven adult males and 24.3 -24.9 mm in two adult females, A. macrorhyncha clearly belongs to the small-sized species in its genus, and with only minor size differences between sexes.Finger discs small (ratio F3D/SUL in the holotype 0.030 and 0.026 -0.032 in the series from the Wondiwoi Mnts.), internarial distance large (ratio IND/ SUL in the holotype 0.123 and 0.122 -0.140 in the above series).Ground colour of dorsal surfaces light brown to middle brown with sparse dark brown spots and dots, no vermiform markings.Sides of head and flanks with many larger and smaller dark brown spots and flecks and on the whole darker and more speckled than dorsal surfaces.Chin through chest and inferior thighs and shanks more or less maculated, abdomen without or with only little mottling.Pale rostral pad present but weakly developed.Advertisement calls consist of long series (30 -100 s) of harsh, pulsed notes with duration of 58 -74 ms; repetition rate 1.8 -2.4 notes/s.

Description of the preserved ZMB 62235 as a typical representative of Austrocha perina macrorhyncha
Morphology and colouration.An adult male with a snout-urostyle length of 22.8 mm (Fig. 1a and 1b).For measurements and body-ratios see Table 1.Head in the region of the tympana as wide as the remaining body.Snout tip rounded in dorsal view, in profile protruding.Nostrils laterally directed and much closer to snout tip than to eyes, distance between nares distinctly greater than distance between eye and naris.Only traces of nares visible from above.Canthus rostralis straight from eye up to nostril and gently rounded.Loreal region steep.Tongue slender, elongate, half free posteriorly, and with a very weak posterior indentation.Prepharyngeal ridges without denticles.Elongate vocal slit on each side of the tongue.Tympanic annulus clearly expressed, its horizontal diameter less than half eye diameter, weak supratympanic skin fold.Eye of moderate size (ED/SUL 0.132), with horizontal pupil.Fore limbs short with short fingers, their tips somewhat broader than penultimate phalanges (Fig. 1c); terminal grooves present on all finger discs; metacarpal and subarticular tubercles weakly developed; relative length of fingers 3 > 4 > 2 > 1. Hind limbs more strongly developed than fore limbs.Discs of toes 3 and 4 clearly wider than penultimate phalanges, those of toes 2 and 5 somewhat wider, and that of toe 1 not wider than penultimate phalanx (Fig. 1d); all toes with grooves on discs.Inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, outer metatarsal and subarticular tubercles adelomorphic.Relative length of toes 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1, no webbing.All dorsal and ventral surfaces smooth except for small, dark brown tubercles on the dorsum.
Snout tip with a weakly developed whitish pad.Dorsal surface of head, body, and extremities beige to light brown with some dark brown dots, mainly on shanks and on sides of dorsum; and inferiorly with a dark brown reticulum, this reticulum continuous to the subocular region.Sides of snout more uniformly dark brown.Basic colour of all ventral surfaces beige; throat, chest, and inferior flanks with a loose brown reticulum and hind limbs with a dense brown reticulum.The colouration was more intense in life.

Morphological variation.
The series from the Wondiwoi Mountains consists of 7 adult males and 2 adult females for which measurements and body ratios are listed in Table 1.Sex was determined by inspection of gonads and of secondary sex characters (presence of vocal slits).There are only minor differences in SUL: males measure 22.8 -23.8 mm and females 24.3 -24.9 mm.Body ratios of both sexes do not differ, therefore both sexes were pooled for the calculation of the ratios.Basic colouration is much the same in all specimens.There are, however, differences in the extent and intensity of mottling of the dorsal and ventral surfaces.A pale inconspicuous rostral pad occurs in all specimens.Fig. 2 shows an adult male of A. macrorhyncha in life (ZMB 70327).
Distribution.Maniok Region at the southeastern corner of the Vogelkop Peninsula, Papua Barat Province of Indonesian New Guinea; Wondiwoi Mountains at the base of the Wandammen Peninsula, border between Papua and Papua Barat Provinces.According to my own observations in the years 2000 and 2008, A. macrorhyn cha also occurs in the Fakfak Mountains on the Bomberai Peninsula, Papua Barat Province (Fig. 8).
Habitat and ecological notes.All A. macrorhyncha specimens in the Wondiwoi and Fakfak Mountains were found at elevations of between 700 and 950 m a.s.l.perched on the ground in and on the leaf layer in primary rain forest.Males started to call at dusk, the main call intensity was between 6 and 9 p.m., and some calls were heard later at night.A second Austrochaperina species, A. minutissima, lives syntopic with A. macrorhyncha in the Wondiwoi Mountains, and a third species lives there at elevations of between 450 and 700 m a.s.l. and could not be allocated to a known species.It will be described as new to science later in this paper.
Vocalisation.Austrochaperina macrorhyncha utters long series of harsh, pulsed calls or notes.I prefer the latter term in the following text.Mean duration of note series 50 s, range 30 -97 s.Mean note repetition rate in these 5 series 2.1 notes/s, range 1.78 -2.50 notes/s.Mean note length 66.1 ± 5.3 ms, range 58 -74 ms, n = 45.Mean internote interval length 336 ± 90.5 ms, range 222 -525 ms, n = 45.All notes are composed of 10 -14 pulses (Fig. 3), mean number of pulses per note 11.7 ± 0.76, n = 45.Pulses follow each other more quickly and are more weakly expressed in the first part than in the second part of many notes.In general, the shape of the wave form of a note has a spindlelike appearance.The fundamental frequency band centres at 1.8 kHz and the dominant frequency at 3.6 kHz.There are some more upper harmonic bands.All calls were recorded at air temperatures of from 19 to 20 °C.(1906) also fall into the colour variation of the series from the Wondiwoi Mountains.
Comparison with other species.Revalidation of Austrochaperina punctata (Kampen, 1913) From the above redescription of A. macrorhyncha it follows that the species A. punctata has to be revalidated.It was described by Kampen (1913) as Chaperina punctata (see above) but six years later it was already transferred by him (Kampen, 1919)  The following revalidation of A. punctata is based on the original description by Kampen (1913), the data given by ZweiFel (2000) for A. macrorhyncha, and my own studies of five syntypes of Chaperina punctata as well as 11 specimens from near Silimo village, southern slopes of Jayawijaya Mountains, Papua Province of Indonesia.

Color and pattern:
The syntypes of punctata are faded with little or no pattern discernable.Kampen (1913: 464) described them as brownish or gray, the back with dark rounded flecks or marbling, loreal region and upper half of temporal region mostly dark, extremities with indistinct dark crossbands or flecked, lower surfaces light, with gray or brown marbling on the throat and limbs.One of the four specimens from Timeka has a gray dorsal ground color with sharply defined, dark vermiform markings on head and body; on the upper surfaces of the legs these coalesce to form a reticulum.The loreal region is dark, the upper lip light spotted, and there is a dark postocular supratympanic streak.The groin and anterior and posterior of thigh are pale with darker spots more evident on the posterior surface.Chin through chest is maculated dark and light gray, and the abdomen is pale and immaculate.Soles and palms are dark gray.The other three specimens have the markings much less evident, almost indistinguishable in one …" An image of the frog MZB 3564 that was taken by stephen richarDs (SAMA) near the Wapoga Alpha Camp about 145 km NE of Nabire (northern Papua Province), shows a yellowish-brown dorsal and lateral ground colour with coarse dark brown mottling (Fig. 31D in ZweiFel 2000).
Advertisement call.stephen richarDs recorded a call = note series from a male near Wapoga Alpha camp that was allocated by him and ZweiFel (2000) to Austrochaperina macrorhyncha.Judging from its remarkable size of 36.8 mm SVL, the producer of this call was obviously not A. macrorhyncha but rather A. punctata.Concerning its call parameters, I came to similar results as did ZweiFel (2000).126 notes were uttered in 28 seconds, which equals a repetition rate of 4.5 notes/s.Mean duration of 50 notes was 125 ms, SD 7.3, range 111 -143 ms; mean duration of 50 internote intervals was 268 ms, SD 67 ms, range 177 -485 ms.Number of pulses per note 7 -10, first pulse in most notes clearly separated from the following ones, its amplitude lower or of same intensity as that of the following pulses, first pulses of a note were Description of Austrochaperina rudolfarndti sp.nov.
Diagnosis.With a snout-urostyle-length of 26.8 -28 mm in four adult males and 28.0 mm in one adult female,     A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.belongs to the moderately-sized species of its genus, apparently with no or only minor size differences between sexes.Shanks fairly long (TL/ SUL 0.46 -0.49), head wide (HW/SUL 0.37 -0.40), discs present on all fingers and medium-sized (F3D/SUL 0.030 -0.036), internarial distance fairly large (IND/ SUL 0.119 -0.122).In life, ground colour of dorsal surfaces olive-grey or reddish-grey with some lighter and some darker markings.In preservative, dorsal surfaces brown with few to many dark brown marks.In life and in preservative, ventral surfaces completely off-white or off-white with dark grey mottling, especially on throat and limbs.Sides of head and region from eye to upper flank darker than remaining surfaces.No pale rostral pad.Advertisement calls consist of long series (24 -92 s) of harsh, pulsed notes with duration of 55 -65 ms; repetition rate 4.5 -5.5 notes/s.Description of the holotype.An adult male with a snouturostyle length of 27.0 mm (Figs.6a and 6b).There is a longitudinal cut in the right body side.For measurements and body-ratios see Table 2. Head in the region of the tympana narrower than in the remaining body.Snout tip rounded in dorsal view and protruding in profile.Nostrils not visible from above, laterally directed, and closer to snout tip than to eyes, distance between nares distinctly greater than distance between eye and naris (END/IND 0.61).Canthus rostralis straight and gently rounded.Loreal region sloping.Tongue large, half free posteriorly, and not notched posteriorly.Anterior prepharyngeal ridges not indented, posterior one denticulate.Elongate vocal slit on each side of the tongue.Tympanic annulus visible, its horizontal diameter less than half eye diameter, supratympanic skin fold present.Eye of moderate size (ED/ SUL 0.130), with horizontal pupil.Fore limbs mediumsized with rather short fingers, tips of fingers 2, 3, and 4 clearly wider than penultimate phalanges, that of finger 1 only marginally wider; terminal grooves present on all finger discs; inner metacarpal tubercle more pronounced than outer one and subarticular tubercles; relative length of fingers 3 > 4 > 2 > 1 (Fig. 6c).Hind limbs more strongly developed than fore limbs.Discs of toes 2, 3, and 4 clearly wider than penultimate phalanges, that of toes 1 and 5 somewhat wider than penultimate phalanx, all toes with terminal grooves on discs.Inner metatarsal tubercle clearly visible, subarticular tubercles adelomorphic, and an outer metatarsal tubercle is missing.Relative length of toes 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1, no webbing (Fig. 6d).All dorsal and ventral surfaces smooth.
Colouration in life.Dorsal surface of head, body, and extremities olive-grey with beige flecks mainly on head and flanks (Fig. 6a).Some dark grey spots and stripes on dorsum and limbs.Iris greenish with dark venation and orange inner margin.Basic colour of all ventral surfaces off-white.Throat, chest, and underside of limbs with diffuse brown spots that often converge, abdomen least spotted.Hidden areas of thighs and shanks as well as inguinal region orange.

Colouration in preservative.
Ground colour of dorsal surfaces brown with faint dark brown spots and stripes; sides of head and supratympanic stripe dark brown, lower flanks beige and brown mottled.Venter off-white with some brown mottles mainly on sides, throat and chest beige with more intensive brown mottling, and underside of limbs beige with intensive brown mottling too (Fig. 6b).Whitish rostral pad visible in preservative but not in life.
Morphological variation in the type series.The type series consists of four adult males and one adult female for which measurements and body ratios are listed in Table 2. Sex was determined by inspection of gonads and of secondary sex characters (presence of vocal slits).There are only minor differences in SUL: males measure 26.8 -28.0 mm and the female 28.0 mm.Body ratios of both sexes do not differ, therefore both sexes were pooled for calculation of ratios.Basic colouration is much the same in all preserved specimens.There are, however, differences in the extent and intensity of mottling of the dorsal and ventral surfaces.Pale rostral pad scarcely developed.The only female exhibited a beigereddish ground colouration, the orange on the heels more strongly expressed than in the male holotype, and colour of upper iris not green but golden with dark venation (Fig. 7).
Distribution and ecological notes.Found between 400 and 650 m a.s.l. in the Wondiwoi Mountains at the base of the Wandammen Peninsula, border between Papua Province and Papua Barat Province of Indonesia (Fig. 8).This region is covered by primary rain forest in which trees and undergrowth are generally not very dense.All frogs were perched on the ground, mostly between accumulations of dry leaves and sticks at the margin of brooks (Fig. 9).Although one male came out from such a spot, crawled onto a lying stick, and started calling there, it did not go directly into the water.When disturbed, it went back to its hiding place.Such spots seem also to serve as meeting points because there we found a female only a few centimetres away from a calling male.The female had only six eggs with a diameter of about 2.0 mm in its ovaries.Austrochaperina aquilonia ZweiFel, 2000 is known from two male specimens with SVL of 31.0 and 23.3 mm.The best character to distinguish both taxa is the ratio F3D/ SVL: it is 0.021 -0.026 in A. aquilonia and 0.030 -0.036 in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.There are three more body ratios to distinguish both species: IND/SVL in A. aquilonia 0.111 -0.118 and in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.0.119 -0.125; F3L/SVL 0.22 -0.23 in A. aquilonia and 0.23 -0.26 in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.; T4L/SVL 0.44 -0.48 in A. aqui lonia and 0.48 -0.51 in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.Austrochaperina blumi females "touch" the size range of the new species.But, with SVL of 22.6 -24.4 mm in four males, these are clearly smaller than males of A. rudol farndti sp.nov.There are significant differences between both species in the following body ratios: IND/SVL in A. blumi 0.097 -0.111 vs. 0.119 -0.122 in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.; END/IND in A. blumi 0.67 -0.80 vs. 0.59 -0.66 in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.; and HW/SVL in A. blumi 0.34 -0.38 vs. 0.37 -0.40 in A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.
Austrochaperina laurae differs by its uniform strongly brown colouration with a few whitish dots of all dorsal surfaces and a yellow ground coloration of the ventral surfaces vs. an olive or beige-grey dorsal ground colouration with dark grey or brown spots and a beige ground colouration of the ventral surfaces.It has smaller eyes (ED/SUL 0.108 -0.127, n = 8) than A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.(ED/SUL 0.130 -0.139) and different advertisement calls.The note series of A. laurae last "only" 0.9 -2.5 s, note repetition rate is 6.6 -7.4 notes/s, and mean number of pulses per note is 5.3 ± 0.9.Austrochaperina punctata males and females are as a rule larger than 30 mm and those of A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.are smaller than 30 mm SUL.Five syntypes of A. punc tata differ from the type series of A. rudolfarndti sp.nov. in the following body ratios (punctata vs. rudolfarndti): END/SUL 0.077 -0.089 vs. 0.071 -0.075; IND/SUL 0.108 -0.116 vs. 0.119 -0,122; END/IND 0.70 -0.79 vs. 0.59 -0.66; F3D/SUL 0.044 -0.054 vs. 0.030 -0.036; T4D/SUL 0.051 -0,054 vs. 0.034 -0.043.Advertisement call notes of A. punctata range from 111 to 143 ms, that of A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.from 55 to 65 ms, and internote intervals in A. punctata range from 177 to 485 ms, that of A. rudolfarndti sp.nov.from 95 to 154 ms.

Fig. 3 .Fig. 4 .
Fig. 3. Wave form (above) and spectrogram (below) of a section with three notes of an advertisement call of Austrochaperina macrorhyncha.

Fig. 5 .
Fig. 5. Wave form (above), spectrogram (below), and power spectrum (left) of a section with five notes of an advertisement call of Austrochaperina punctata.

Fig. 6c .
Fig. 6c.Lower surface of the left hand of the preserved holotype of Austrochaperina rudolfarndti sp.nov.

Fig. 6d .
Fig. 6d.Lower surface of the right foot of the preserved holotype of Austrochaperina rudolfarndti sp.nov.

Fig. 10 .Fig. 11 .
Fig. 10.Wave form (above) and spectrogram (below) of a section with six notes of an advertisement call of Austrochaperina rudolfarndti sp.nov.

Table 1 .
Body measurements and body ratios of 9 specimens of Austrochaperina macrorhyncha from the Wondiwoi Mountains, base of Wandammen Peninsula.Sex and collection data for these frogs are listed in the section "Redescription" herein.All measurements in mm; Reg.No. = Registration number; SD = standard deviation; for explanations of abbreviations for measurements see "Material and methods".

62237 ZMB 62238 ZMB 62601 ZMB 62602 ZMB 62603 ZMB 70326 ZMB 70327 ZMB 70328 Mean ± SD
The size of adult specimens of A. macrorhyncha most probably varies mainly between 20 and 26 mm.The vast majority of New Guinean species of the genus are clearly larger or smaller.

Table 2 .
Body measurements and body ratios of the type series of Austrochaperina rudolfarndti sp.nov.ZMB 63900 is the holotype, with exception of the adult female ZMB 70325 all types are adult males.All measurements in mm; for explanation of abbreviations see "Material and methods".