Naturalistic grazing in Europe makes use of domesticated ungulates, such as A: Bos primigenius f. taurus (Heck cattle) or B: Equus ferus f. caballus (Konik horse), to restore ecosystem functions. Cattle grazing systems in Africa can be conducted in the sense of herding pastoralists in Kenya (C) or by leaving the animals on their own on communal land in northern Namibia (D). Photos: A & B: U. Zeller, C & D: T. Göttert.