Sonagrams of calls of the A. g. atricapillus-group, the A. g. gentilis-group and part of an 18-note call of A. henstii, illustrating the differences among the three groups.

 
 
  Part of: Sangster G (2022) The taxonomic status of Palearctic and Nearctic populations of northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis (Aves, Accipitridae): New evidence from vocalisations. Vertebrate Zoology 72: 445-456. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e85419