"Taxonomic Groups";Maxilloturbinal;"Lamina horizontalis";"Ethmoturbinals (et)";"Frontoturbinals (ft)";"Interturbinal (between et I and et II)";"Epiturbinal at et II";Nasoturbinal;References
euarchontoglirans;scandentians;"folded (Ptilocercus, Tupaia)";"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall (Ptilocercus, Tupaia)";"et I–III (Ptilocercus, Tupaia)";"ft = 2 (Ptilocercus, Tupaia)";present;present;"reduced (Ptilocercus, Tupaia)";"Zeller 1987; Ruf et al. 2015"
dermopterans;"folded (Cynocephalus, Galeopterus)";"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall (Cynocephalus, Galeopterus)";"et I–IV (Cynocephalus, Galeopterus)";"ft = 2 (Cynocephalus, Galeopterus)";"present (Cynocephalus, Galeopterus)";"absent (Cynocephalus, Galeopterus)";"No description";"Smith and Rossie 2008; Lundeen and Kirk 2019"
primates;"single scrolled (Callithrix, Cebuella, Gorilla, Homo, Lemur, Pan, Papio, Pongo) double scrolled (Alouatta, Eulemur, Daubentonia, Loris, Microcebus)";"absent (Callithrix, Homo, Hylobates, Macaca, Papio, Saimiri) protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall (Daubentonia, Eulemur, Lemur, Microcebus)";"et I (Callithrix, Cebuella) et I–II (Hylobates, Macaca, Papio, Saimiri) et I–III (Daubentonia, Eulemur, Homo, Lemur, Microcebus)";"absent (Callithrix, Homo, Papio) ft = 1 (Microcebus) ft = 3 (Daubentonia)";"absent (Homo) present (Daubentonia, Microcebus)";"absent (Homo, Macaca, Microcebus) present (Daubentonia)";"reduced (Cebut, Cercopithecus, Homo, Hylobates, Lagothrix, Macaca, Papio) elongated rostrocaudally (Daubentonia, Eulemur, Microcebus)";"Paulli 1900c; Negus 1958; Moore 1981; Maier 1993; Smith and Rossie 2006; Smith et al. 2007, 2011, 2015; Maier and Ruf 2014"
lagomorphans;branching;"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–II (Ochotona, Romerolagus) et I–III (Lepus, Oryctolagus, Poelagus, Pronolagus, Sylvilagus)  et I–IV (Caprolagus)";"ft = 2";present;absent;"elongated rostrocaudally and dorsoventrally";"Negus 1958; Ruf 2014"
rodentians;"double scrolled folded";"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–III";"ft = 2";present;present;"elongated rostrocaudally and dorsoventrally";"Negus 1958;  Martinez et al. 2018;  Ruf 2004, 2020; Ruf et al. 2021; Smith and Bonar 2022"
laurasiatherians;eulipotyphlans;"branching (Erinaceus, Solenodon) double scrolled (Crocidura, Mogera, Sorex, Talpa, Urotrichus)";"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–III (Crocidura, Erinaceus, Mogera, Sorex, Talpa, Urotrichus)";"ft = 2 (Crocidura, Erinaceus, Mogera, Solenodon, Sorex, Talpa, Urotrichus)";"present (Crocidura, Erinaceus, Mogera, Sorex, Talpa, Urotrichus)";"present (Erinaceus, Mogera, Talpa, Urotrichus)";"elongated rostrocaudally and dorsoventrally (Crocidura, Erinaceus, Mogera, Solenodon, Sorex, Talpa, Urotrichus)";"Negus 1958; Parker 1885; Ganeshina et al. 1957; Gurtovoi 1966; Woehrmann-Repenning and Meinel 1977; Söllner and Kraft 1980; Larochelle and Baron 1989; Wible 2008"
chiropterans;"folded (Cynopterus, Rousettus) reduced (Aselliscus, Hipposideros, Myotis, Rhinolophus, Vespertilio)";"absent (Myotis, Vespertilio) protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall (Aselliscus, Cynopterus, Hipposideros, Rhinolophus, Rousettus)";"et I–III (Cynopterus, Myotis, Pteropus, Rousettus, Vespertilio) et I–IV (Aselliscus, Hipposideros, Rhinolophus)";"ft = 1 (Aselliscus, Cynopterus, Hipposideros, Myotis, Rhinolophus, Rousettus, Vespertilio)";"absent (Aselliscus, Hipposideros, Myotis, Rhinolophus, Vespertilio) present (Cynopterus, Rousettus, Pteropus)";"absent (Aselliscus, Hipposideros, Myotis, Rhinolophus, Vespertilio) present (Cynopterus, Rousettus, Pteropus)";"reduced (Cynopterus, Rousettus) present (Aselliscus, Hipposideros, Myotis, Rhinolophus, Vespertilio)";"Frick 1954; Giannini et al. 2012; Ito et al. 2021"
cetartiodactylans;"double scrolled (Bison, Sus)";"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–III (Capra) et I–IV (Bos, Camelus, Cervus, Ovis) et I–VI (Sus)";"number unknown (ft and it are mixed)";absent;present;reduced;"Paulli 1900b; Negus 1958; Hillenius 1994"
perissodactylans;"folded (Tapirus) single scrolled (Equus) double scrolled (Rhinoceros)";"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–V (Equus, Rhinoceros) et I–VI (Tapirus)";"number unknown (ft and it are mixed)";present;present;reduced;"Paulli 1900b; Negus 1958; Hillenius 1994; Witmer et al. 1999; Kupke et al. 2016"
pholidotans;branching;"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–III (Manis)";"ft = 2 (Manis)";"present (Manis)";"present (Manis)";"elongated rostrocaudally and dorsoventrally (Manis)";"Jollie 1968"
carnivorans;branching;"protruding from the inner lateral wall of the nasal wall";"et I–III (Canis, Felis, Meles, Mustela, Ursus) et I–IV (Halichoerus) et I–V (Nasua)";"ft = 3 (Canis, Felis)";"present (Canis, Felis, Halichoerus, Panthera)";"present (Canis, Felis, Panthera)";reduced;"Allen 1882; Fawcett 1892; Paulli 1900a, 1900c; Negus 1958; Hillenius 1994; Van Valkenburgh et al. 2004, 2011, 2014b; Wagner and Ruf 2020"
"The characteristics of the shape of the maxilloturbinal is determined with reference to Negus 1958."