Terms;DF;F;p;"R 2 adj" "Before size correction";;;; Spatial;11;9.94;"< 0.050";0.162 Climate;6;17.63;"< 0.050";0.164 "Spatial | climate";11;6.19;"< 0.050";0.085 "Climate | spatial";6;10.64;"< 0.050";0.087 "Spatial + climate";17;10.94;"< 0.050";0.250 "Joint effect [b]";;;;0.077 ;;;; "After size-correction";;;; Spatial;16;5.31;"< 0.050";0.119 Climate;8;6.83;"< 0.050";0.084 "Spatial | climate";16;3.39;"< 0.050";0.065 "Climate | spatial";8;3.14;"< 0.050";0.030 "Spatial + climate";24;4.71;"< 0.050";0.149 "Joint effect [b]";;;;0.055 "Notes: “Spatial” = fraction explained by spatial variables (RDA model that only includes spatial explanatory variables); “Climate” = fraction explained by climate variables (RDA model that only includes climatic explanatory variables); “Spatial | climate” = fraction explained by spatial variables after partialing out the effects of climatic variables (partial RDA model that includes spatial explanatory variables and climatic conditioning variables); “Climate | spatial” = fraction explained by climatic variables after partialing out the effects of spatial variables (partial RDA model that includes climatic explanatory variables and spatial conditioning variables); “Spatial + climate” = total explained by both spatial and climatic variables (RDA model that includes both spatial and climatic explanatory variables); and “Joint effect [b]” = joint effect (common fraction) of spatial and climate variables (non-testable component calculated as the difference “Climate” minus “Climate | spatial” or “Spatial” minus “Spatial | climate”; this fraction arises because explanatory variables in different sets are correlated). Geographic variables were extracted from dbMEM analysis (positive MEM variables), while the climatic variables are standardized (to a mean of zero and unit variance) and based on WorldClim (version 2). F = pseudo-F based of permutation tests, R2adj = adjusted coefficient of multiple determination. All p-values are significant. For the un-sheared dataset, spatial variables are based on (in order of inclusion in the model): MEM1, MEM6, MEM5, MEM19, MEM7, MEM3, MEM4, MEM9, MEM15, MEM17, and MEM2, while the climatic variables are based on: BIO9, BIO3, BIO5, BIO15, BIO8, and BIO2. For the sheared dataset, spatial variables are based on (in order of inclusion in the model): MEM1, MEM5, MEM4, MEM3, MEM11, MEM2, MEM19, MEM12, MEM8, MEM10, MEM7, MEM13, while the climatic variables are based on BIO8, BIO3, BIO9, BIO5, BIO13, BIO18, BIO2, and BIO15. Statistical significance was based on 1000 permutations."