Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zhi-Yong Yuan ( yuanzhiyongkiz@126.com ) Corresponding author: Jing Che ( chej@mail.kiz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Martin Päckert
© 2024 Yun-He Wu, Zhong-Bin Yu, Chen-Qi Lu, Yin-Peng Zhang, Wen-Jie Dong, Xiao-Long Liu, Felista Kasyoka Kilunda, Yun Xiong, Yun-Fang Jiang, Hong Ouyang, Zhong-Xiong Fu, Yun-Biao He, Zhi-Yong Yuan, Jing Che.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wu Y-H, Yu Z-B, Lu C-Q, Zhang Y-P, Dong W-J, Liu X-L, Kilunda FK, Xiong Y, Jiang Y-F, Ouyang H, Fu Z-X, He Y-B, Yuan Z-Y, Che J (2024) A new species of the genus Amolops (Amphibia: Ranidae) and the first national record of Amolops vitreus from China. Vertebrate Zoology 74: 343-357. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e108013
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Abstract
The torrent frogs of the genus Amolops represent a great anuran diversification in southern China and Southeast Asia. Previous studies have shown that, the diversity of this genus still remains underestimated. During herpetological surveys from 2021 to 2022, several Amolops specimens were collected from the international border regions of southwestern Yunnan Province, China. Herein, we utilized molecular phylogenetic and morphological data to identify these specimens. Our findings indicate the presence of a separate and previously unknown lineage in the A. viridimaculatus group, which we formally describe as a new species. Furthermore, the specimen from Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve clustered with A. vitreus from the paratype, supporting the morphological diagnosis. Therefore, we describe a new species and a new species record for China. Our study contributes to the species richness of the genus Amolops as well as the diversity of amphibians in China. Notably, our discovery brings the total number of Amolops species to 85 and the total number of torrent frog species known to occur in China to 53. In addition, our study further confirmed that Yunnan and Indochina Peninsula have similar faunal composition, implying that more studies are needed to achieve a complete understanding of the species diversity and distribution pattern.
Amolops yangi sp. nov., Amolops vitreus, new species, new species record, Southwest border of China, Yunnan Province
Yunnan is located at the intersection of three global biodiversity hotspots: the eastern Himalayas region, the mountains of Southwest China, and the Indo-Burma region (
Amphibians face a greater risk of rapid loss of diversity and are considered the most threatened group of vertebrates (
The genus Amolops Cope, 1865 of the family Ranidae is the most species-rich genus within the family Ranidae, distributed widely throughout Nepal, northern India, western and southern China to Malay Peninsula, and currently includes 84 recognized species (
During our recent herpetological surveys at the Yunnan border area, four specimens of the genus Amolops were collected. Molecular data and morphological comparisons revealed that these specimens included a new species and a new species record for China which we herein describe.
A total of four individuals including three adult males and one adult female were collected from the Yunnan border, China, (Fig.
Sampling localities of Amolops used in this study. The green pentagram indicates the type locality of Amolops yangi sp. nov., the green circles indicate the other distribution localities of Amolops yangi sp. nov., the red pentagram indicates the type locality of A. vitreus, and the red circle indicates the new locality record of A. vitreus.
Total genomic DNA was extracted using standard phenol-chloroform protocols (
To study the historical relationships among Amolops species, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on the 16S, COI, and ND2 fragments. Homologous sequences of Amolops and representative outgroups (A. spinapectoralis and A. yatseni) were downloaded from GenBank (Table S1). Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The best-fit nucleotide substitution model was selected using the JMODELTEST v2.1.7 (
The four preserved adult specimens were measured with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements followed
To compare the morphometrics of A. viridimaculatus group, we extracted data from the published literature for all species available (Table S3). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to explore the morphological differences between the undescribed species and other species of A. viridimaculatus group. The morphometric analyses were conducted separately for the male and female groups. The analyses were carried out in R 4.0.2.
Our concatenated mtDNA alignment (ND2: 890 base pairs (bp), COI: 570 bp, 16S: 541 bp) contained 108 individuals with a total of 2002 bp, with 900 conserved sites and 1098 variable sites. Of the variable sites in the alignment, 1008 were parsimony-informative (559 bp, 247 bp, and 202 bp including the outgroup sequences).
Both BI and ML analyses resulted in essentially identical topologies, with relatively robust support for most nodes. The genus Amolops was recovered as monophyletic with strong support from both analyses (BPP = 1; BS = 96; Fig.
Phylogram of Amolops based on mitochondrial 16S, COI, and ND2. The “*” denote Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) = 1.00 and bootstrap support (BS) = 100%; “#” denote Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 and bootstrap support (BS) ≥ 70%. Node values with Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) < 95 or Bootstrap support (BS) < 70 are not shown.
Adult female (
One adult male
The specific epithet “yangi” is a patronymic noun in the genitive singular; derived from the name of Prof. Da-Tong Yang of the Kunming Institute of Zoology,
Amolops yangi sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Amolops based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) medium body size (SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and at least 51.5 mm in female); (2) vomerine teeth developed, on two short oblique between choanae, equal in distance from each other as to choanae; (3) supernumerary tubercles present at the base of each finger; (4) tympanum indistinct; (5) three metacarpal tubercles, inner metacarpal tubercle long, outer metacarpal tubercle relatively small, oval, median one rounded; (6) supratympanic fold indistinct; (7) discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent; (8) circummarginal grooves present on tips of outer three fingers, absent on first finger; (9) iris distinctly bicolored, golden-yellow in upper one-fourth and reddish brown in lower three-fourths, black reticulations throughout; (10) rictal gland absent; (11) dorsal surface of the head, back, limbs, fingers, and toes green, interspersed with irregular black spots; (12) dorsal parts of limbs, fingers and toes with black crossbars; (13) vocal sac absent in males; (14) male with orange nuptial pad at the base of first finger.
(all measurements in mm; see Table
Measurements (mm) of Amolops yangi sp. nov. and A. vitreus. The asterisk (*) indicates the holotype.
A. yangi sp. nov. | A. yangi sp. nov. | A. yangi sp. nov.* | A. vitreus | |
Sex | ♂ | ♂ | ♀ | ♂ |
Catalog No. |
|
|
|
|
SVL | 51.8 | 46.3 | 51.5 | 38.9 |
HL | 17.0 | 16.8 | 17.6 | 15.4 |
HL/SVL | 32.8% | 36.3% | 34.2% | 39.6% |
HW | 16.7 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 13.9 |
HW/SVL | 32.2% | 33.3% | 32.6% | 35.7% |
SL | 7.2 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 6.5 |
SL/SVL | 13.9% | 16.6% | 15.7% | 16.7% |
SL/HL | 42.4% | 45.8% | 46.0% | 42.2% |
INS | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 4.6 |
INS/SVL | 12.9% | 14.0% | 13.4% | 11.8% |
IOS | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
INS/IOS | 163.4% | 135.4% | 160.5% | 112.2% |
NED | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
UEW | 4.1 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
INS/UEW | 163.4% | 180.6 | 168.3% | 121.1% |
UEW/IOS | 100.0% | 75.0% | 95.3% | 92.7% |
ED | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.4 |
ED/HL | 29.4% | 29.2% | 29.0% | 28.6% |
ED/SL | 69.4% | 63.6% | 63.0% | 67.7% |
TD | 2.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.7 |
TD/ED | 52.0% | 49.0% | 35.3% | 61.4% |
LAHL | 26.9 | 25.0 | 29.1 | 19.6 |
LAHL/SVL | 51.9% | 54.0% | 56.5% | 50.4% |
HND | 17.1 | 15.4 | 18.4 | 12.2 |
HND/SVL | 33.0% | 33.3% | 35.7% | 31.4% |
LAD | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.8 |
LAD/SVL | 9.7% | 10.4% | 8.5% | 9.8% |
FEM | 26.3 | 22.7 | 25.3 | 22.2 |
TIB | 27.1 | 24.3 | 27.2 | 23.5 |
FEM/TIB | 97.0% | 93.4% | 93.0% | 94.5% |
FTL | 27.7 | 26.8 | 28.0 | 20.3 |
FEM/FTL | 94.9% | 84.7% | 90.4% | 109.4% |
Forelimbs moderately long and robust, forelimb and hand length (29.1 mm) longer than half body size (LAHL/SVL 56.5%); relative length of fingers: I<II<IV<III; circummarginal grooves present on tips of outer three fingers, absent on first finger; subarticular tubercles prominent and oval, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; supernumerary tubercles present at the base of each finger; webbing between fingers absent; narrow lateral fringes of fingers III and IV; three metacarpal tubercles, inner metacarpal tubercle long, outer metacarpal tubercle relatively small, oval, median one rounded (Fig.
Hindlimbs long and robust, femoral length shorter than the tibia length (FEM/TIB 93.0%) and the foot length (FEM/FTL 90.4%); tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching between nostrils and eyes when hindlimb stretched alongside of body; the heels overlapping when the tibias are perpendicular to the body axis; relative toes lengths: I<II<III<V<IV; narrow lateral fringes of preaxial side of toe I and postaxial side of toe V; tips of all toes expanded into discs with circummarginal grooves; toes fully webbed except for fourth toe, in which web reaches beyond distal subarticular tubercle; subarticular tubercles oval and distinct, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metatarsal tubercle long, outer metatarsal tubercle absent (Fig.
Dorsal surface of head, body, limbs, fingers, toes and flank of body relatively smooth; loreal region densely scattered with raised tubercles; temporal region and posterior angle of the jaw with dense tubercles; skin ventrally smooth, including throat, chest, abdomen, and ventral surface of limbs; discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent; supratympanic fold indistinct; rictal gland absent (Fig.
For coloration of the holotype in life see Figure
For coloration of the holotype in preservative see Fig.
Adult males possess orange nuptial pads covering the base of first finger; absence of vocal sacs in males.
Amolops yangi sp. nov. is currently known from two localities in the Gaoligong Mountains. These are Fugong and Lushui County, both in Yunnan Province, China. These two localities are separated by a straight-line distance of approximately 80 km. The new species inhabits the banks of rocky, fast-flowing streams or perches on shrubs (ca. 0.5 m above the ground) along the swift flowing streams (Fig.
Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the new species belongs to the A. viridimaculatus group with strong support. Geographically, the new species is found in Fugong and Lushui, Yunnan Province, China that belong to Gaoligong Mountains, and close to northern Myanmar. Therefore, we compared Amolops yangi sp. nov. with morphologically, geographically, and molecularly similar species, which include A. chayuensis, A. bellulus, A. putaoensis, A. binchachaensis, A. deng, A. jinjiangensis, A. viridimaculatus, A. kaulbacki, A. marmoratus, A. afghanus, and A. tuberodepressus, A. beibengensis, A. wangyufani, A. formosus, A. medogensis, A. pallasitatus, A. nidorbellus, A. himalayanus, A. wangyali, A. longimanus, A. ailao, A. chanakya, and A. tawang (
Amolops yangi sp. nov. is significantly different from A. viridimaculatus by discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold (vs. absent), supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. distinct), SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. 72.7–82.3 in males and 83.0–94.3 in females), dorsal surface of the head, back, limbs, fingers, and toes green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. dorsum and flank with nearly round green or yellowish green spots, scattered with small green spots); from A. kaulbacki by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 72.6–82.6 mm in males and 82.7–87.2 mm in females), discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold (vs. absent), supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. distinct), iris distinctly bicolored, golden-yellow in upper one-fourth and reddish brown in lower three-fourths, black reticulations throughout (vs. eyes brownish black with scattered yellow spotting and yellow ring around iris); from A. beibengensis by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 75.8 mm males and 90.2–93.2 mm in females), supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. distinct, wide and thick), discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent (vs. absent); from A. wangyufani by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 68.3–69.0 mm males and 83.4 mm in female), vomerine teeth developed, on two short oblique between choanae, equal in distance from each other as to choanae (vs. vomerine teeth developed, the two rows are almost in touch), discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent (vs. absent); from A. medogensis by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 95.0 mm male and 72.4–96.9 mm in females), tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching between nostrils and eyes (vs. beyond tip of snout), supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. distinct, wide and thick); from A. himalayanus by dorsal surface of the head, back, limbs, fingers, and toes green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. dark brown, interspersed with irregular yellow spots), vocal sac absent in males (vs. externally visible vocal sacs present); from A. pallasitatus by SVL 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 70.6–72.3 mm in females), discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent (vs. absent), dorsal surface of the head, back, limbs, fingers, and toes green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. dorsum yellow-green, with irregular dark brown blotches without margins); from A. wangyali by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 71.4–76.7 mm males and 80.5–89.6 mm in females), dorsal surface of the head, back, limbs, fingers, and toes green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. large brown irregularly shaped blotches on dorsum of head and body), rictal gland absent (vs. a distinct patch of rictal glands at rear of jaw on either side); from A. nidorbellus by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 76.4–82.3 mm males and 85.4–98.0 mm in females), dorsum green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. dorsally brown with small irregularly arranged cobalt green spots), discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold (vs. absent); from A. longimanus by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males and 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 30 mm), nostrils closer to anterior corner of eye than to tip of snout (vs. nostrils a litter nearer to tip of snout than the eye), above tympanum to the forelimb a thick glandular parotoid-like swelling absent (vs. present), eye diameter (ED/SL 63.0%) shorter than snout length (vs. snout about as long as the eye diameter, ED/SL 97.7%); from A. formosus by dorsal parts of limbs, fingers and toes with black crossbars (vs. legs and toes with black white-dotted crossbars), inner metatarsal tubercle long, outer metatarsal tubercle absent (vs. metatarsal tubercle indistinct), dorsum green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. upper parts green, marbled with black, the black spots enclosing a number of small whitish dots); from A. chanakya by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males (vs. SVL 76.4 mm), tympanum indistinct (vs. tympanum distinct, about 40% of eye length), absence of vocal sacs in males (vs. vocal sac externally visible), dorsal color green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. dorsal color dull brick-red, spotted with irregular cocoa-brown spots, these cocoa-brown spots enclosing a number of smaller dull brick-red spots); from A. tawang by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males (vs. SVL 82.5 mm), tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching between nostrils and eyes (vs. reaching up to snout), dorsal color green, interspersed with irregular black spots (vs. dorsal color olivegreen, spotted with large, irregular shaped dark-brown spots, brown spots enclosing a number of small olivegreen dots).
Amolops yangi sp. nov. is significantly different from A. chayuensis by absence of vocal sacs in males (vs. pair of external subgular vocal sacs); discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent (vs. dorsolateral fold prominent); upper part of flanks green, lower part of flanks green-yellow (vs. upper part of flanks brown, lower part of flanks light green or white with dark brown blotches); from A. bellulus by tympanum indistinct (vs. tympanum distinct), iris distinctly bicolored, golden-yellow in upper one-fourth and reddish brown in lower three-fourths, black reticulations throughout (vs. upper half of iris golden yellow with some irregular brown spots, lower half dark brown); from A. putaoensis by SVL of adult male 46.3–51.8 mm (vs. 37.6–40.2 mm), rictal gland absent (vs. two rictal glands present), iris distinctly bicolored, golden-yellow in upper one-fourth and reddish brown in lower three-fourths, black reticulations throughout (vs. upper one-fourth of iris bronze with black reticulations, lower three-fourths dark), absence of vocal sacs in males (vs. pair of internal subgular vocal sacs present); from A. binchachaensis by SVL of adult female 51.5 mm (vs. 65.0 mm), tympanum indistinct, relatively small, about one third of eye diameter (vs. tympanum big), supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. supratympanic fold absent), dorsal surface of the head, back, limbs, fingers, and toes green (vs. light yellow); from A. deng by SVL of adult female 51.5 mm (vs. 68.5–72.0 mm), tympanum indistinct, relatively small, about one third of eye diameter (vs. tympanum distinct, slightly less than half of eye diameter), tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching between nostrils and eyes (vs. tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching beyond tip of snout); from A. jinjiangensis by supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. distinct), dorsal surface of head, body, limbs, fingers, toes and flank of body relatively smooth (vs. rough with tubercles), the absence of a pair of large tubercles on sides of cloaca (vs. present); from A. tuberodepressus by supratympanic fold indistinct (vs. present, wide), flanks smooth (vs. with flatter tubercles), relative length of fingers I<II<IV<III (vs. II<IV<I<III), vomerine teeth developed (vs. weak); from A. ailao by SVL 46.3–51.8 mm in males (vs. SVL 33.0–35.1 mm in males), vomerine teeth developed (vs. absent), tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching between nostrils and eyes (vs. beyond anterior corner of eye), iris distinctly bicolored, golden-yellow in upper one-fourth and reddish brown in lower three-fourths (vs. iris light brown with dark wash); from A. marmoratus by tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb reaching between nostrils and eyes (vs. beyond tip of snout), discontinuous glandular dorsolateral fold from rear of eye to near vent (vs. distinct dorsolateral fold absent), rictal gland absent (vs. multiple small globular rictal glands on right side, single rictal gland on left side, just posterior to jaw); from A. afghanus by SVL 51.5 mm in female (vs. SVL 67.7–94.1 mm in females), rictal gland absent (vs. indistinct rictal glands present on one side of head at posterior end of jaw), absence of vocal sacs in males (vs. males with dual gular pouches).
vitreous cascade frog, glass torrent frog
collected on a stream bank near Nam Khang River in hilly evergreen forest, Phou Dendin National Biodiversity Conservation Area, Phongsaly District, Phongsaly Province, Laos.
IUCN: VU.
Holotype: FMNH 258182, based on original designation.
Adult male (
Based on the type locality, we suggest the Chinese formal name as “丰沙里湍蛙”.
(measurements in mm; provided in Table
Forelimbs slender; length of lower arm and hand (LAHL 19.6 mm, 50.4% of SVL), about half SVL; relative finger lengths: I<II<IV<III; tips of all fingers expanded into discs with circummarginal grooves; webbing between fingers absent; subarticular tubercles distinct, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; two metacarpal tubercles; velvety nuptial pad on first finger (Fig.
Hindlimbs long, tibia (TIB 23.5 mm) more than half SVL, longer thigh length (22.2 mm) and foot length (FTL 20.3 mm); tibiotarsal articulation beyond the snout when the leg is stretched forward; relative length of toes: I<II<III<V<IV; heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tips of all toes expanded into discs with circummarginal grooves; fully webbing between toes; subarticular tubercles prominent and rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct and oval, outer metatarsal tubercle absent (Fig.
Dorsal skin and ventral surfaces of head, body, limbs, and flanks relatively smooth, with exception of small tubercles posterior surface of thigh; supratympanic fold absent; dorsolateral fold distinct, from posterior corner of upper eyelid to near vent; two rictal glands present; humeral gland absent (Fig.
Dorsal surface brown, with some dark brown spots; upper lip stripe white, extending from tip of snout to posterior of arm insertion; narrow, reddish brown stripe on edge of canthus from tip of snout among margin of upper eyelid, continuing along upper edge of dorsolateral fold; dorsal surface of limbs light brown with dark brown crossbars, interspersed with small dark brown spots; tympanic region dark brown; throat, chest and anterior part of belly light cream; flank dark brown upper one-third, green lower two-third; expanded finger tips reddish, except for first finger tips yellow; subarticular tubercles on toes, expanded toe tips, and inner metatarsal tubercle dark brown; iris distinctly bicolored, silvery-white in upper one-fourth and reddish brown in lower three-fourths, black reticulations throughout (Fig.
After one year of storage in ethanol, dorsal surface fading to grayish brown; black crossbars present on dorsal surfaces of limbs, fingers and toes becoming indistinct; dorsolateral fold yellowish; throat, chest, and abdomen cream-white; ventral surface of limbs light yellow; ventral surface of the hands cream-white; digit tips, subarticular tubercles of fingers, metacarpal tubercles, and nuptial pad fading to cream-yellow or grayish-white; toe webbing greyish brown with dark gray flecking; ventral surface of the toes greyish brown, digit tips, subarticular tubercles of toes and inner metatarsal tubercle fading to greyish brown (Fig.
Amolops vitreus was found in rocky, fast-flowing streams at night (20:30–23:30 h) on 01 August 2022, surrounded by evergreen broad-leaved forest. Other frog species observed along the stream included Leptobrachella eos, Polypedates megacephalus, and Xenophrys sp.
This study further extends the geographical range of A. vitreus to approximately 82.6 km from the nearest known locality of the species. Amolops vitreus is currently known in Phou Dendin National Biodiversity Conservation Area, Phongsaly Province, Laos; Muong Nhe Nature Reserve, Dien Bien Province, northwestern Vietnam; and Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Mengla, Yunnan province, China.
Currently, there are 22 recognized species of Amolops known to exist in Yunnan Province (
The Gaoligong Mountains consist of a long, narrow, mountain range running from north to south in the western part of China’s Yunnan Province adjoining northern Myanmar. It spans a 5° latitude with a large elevation range of 210 m to 5000 m (
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2602500), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0501), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2021FY100203); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 32100371); Major Science and Technique Program (202102AA310055), Key R & D program (202103AC100003), Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects (No. 202301AT070312), Talent and Platform of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department (202205AM070007), Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects (No. 202301AT070312), and the Digitalization, Development and Application of Biotic Resource (202002AA100007) in Yunnan Province; China’s Biodiversity Observation Network (Sino-BON), and the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,
Tables S1–S5
Data type: .zip
Explanation notes: Table S1. Localities, voucher information, and Genbank accession numbers for all specimens used in this study. — Table S2. Best-fitting models and partitions selected by JMODELTEST v2.1.7 for phylogeny analysis. — Table S3. Morphological data from Amolops yangi sp. nov. and other species of A. viridimaculatus group used in the PCA analyses. — Table S4. Uncorrected p-distance (percentage) of Amolops species included in phylogenetic analyses and standard error estimates. — Table S5. Summary statistics and principal component analysis scores for the mensural characters of Amolops yangi sp. nov. and other species of A. viridimaculatus group.