AbstractA noticeable sex-dimorphic dentition is described in the hynobiid salamander Pachyhynobius shangchengensis. In the upper and lower jaw, the male possesses pedicellate teeth with a chisel- or spearhead-like crown, i.e. secondary (labial) cusps of teeth are largely reduced, whereas the primary (lingual) cusps are fl attened antero-posteriorly and exhibit sharp edges. In contrast, females have pedicellate, somewhat fl attened teeth more variable in shape, but with small bladed labial and large bladed lingual cusps. Vomeres of both sexes bear typical bicuspid, pedicellate teeth. Skulls including the hyobranchium are largely ossifi ed with some minor differences between males and females. However, females appear to lack the pars hypohyalis in the hyobranchial apparatus.